Endoscope parts, uses and new technologies
What is an endoscope? In essence, an endoscope can be described as an elongated, illuminated flexible tube with a camera at one end. Today, endoscopes have become the most important device used by the medical community to look inside the body cavity. Although endoscopes are usually inserted through openings such as the mouth and rectum, they are also inserted into the body through small incisions on the skin, especially in keyhole surgery (minimally invasive surgery). The standard endoscope consists of the following: Thin and long flexible tube Lens or lens system Light transmission system eyepiece Control System How cnc endoscopes work Basically, typical endoscopes use fiber optics so they can transmit light efficiently. In this technology (optical fiber), light is transmitted through glass (transparent) flexible fibers called optical fibers. Fiber optics allow light to pass through curved paths, which is one of the best systems for viewing spaces that are often difficult to reach. Here, total internal reflection allows light to travel along the fiber, while the light hits the fiber wall at a certain angle (the minimum angle is 82 degrees). Given that a single fiber can be thinner than a person's hair, fiber optics are one of the best technologies for entering and viewing different parts of the body. There are usually two sets of fibers. These components include external optical fibers for providing light and internal coherent rings for transmitting images. Outer Fiber-This fiber contains many fibers that are not bundled together in a particular order. Therefore, external fibers are often referred to as incoherent beams. The fiber is completely enclosed with a ferrule to protect the fiber. Usually, it is coated with plastic or steel to prevent water or moisture (making it waterproof). Inner Fiber-Like the outer fiber, the inner bundle is composed of a bundle of fibers. However, unlike external beams, internal fibers are in perfect order, which is why they are called coherent beams. A miniature lens attached to the end of this beam effectively focuses the light so that reflected light from the target can be collected and transmitted for viewing. Other important parts Water pipe-The water pipe is used to carry water and to clean the lenses, so as to maintain clear vision. Operating Channel-This is an opening in the device for moving various accessories to the (endoscope) distillation end for surgery. Control Cable-Used to control the direction in which the ends of the branches bend as they pass through the body cavity. New endoscope technology: Wireless capsule endoscope Capsule endoscopy is one of the new procedures that involves taking pictures in the digestive system using a very small wireless camera. For this procedure, swallow a capsule that is the same size as a vitamin-side capsule or pill. The technology involves using a wireless miniature packaged camera that takes pictures as the capsule passes through the digestive system. As the capsule passes down through the digestive system, the capsule transmits the images it captures wirelessly, which can then be used to detect any problems in the digestive tract. The images (thousands of images can be taken) are then transferred to a recorder where they can be retrieved. Like ingested food, capsules pass through the digestive system and eventually leave the body as individuals pass through the feces. The main components of capsule endoscopy include: Sensor Array (Electrode)-Patient wears it around the abdomen like a sensor strap Data logger worn by patient and connected to electrodes Capsules 26mm x 11mm-Some components of the capsule include: lens, diode (light emitting), semiconductor, antenna and transmitter. Since FDA approval in 2001, capsule endoscopy has proven to be an effective method with many advantages, include: Painless Disposable Non-invasive Confocal laser endoscopy and endoscopy These are some new methods aimed at assessing the high-resolution histology of the gastrointestinal mucosa at the cellular and subcellular levels. Basically, the technology is based on the principle of irradiating a target tissue with a low-power laser, which in turn allows detection of fluorescence reflected from the tissue. With this program, an in-vivo examination that displays images in real time can be performed. Detection of abnormal tissue growth has been shown to be particularly beneficial in diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Use of endoscope Although endoscopes are mainly used to examine the digestive tract of a patient, endoscopes can also be used to: Arthroscopy-This is a medical surgical method used to visualize joints, identify problems and start treatment. For this procedure, the surgeon usually makes a small incision in the patient's skin and then inserts an arthroscope to visualize the joint. This procedure is particularly useful in diagnosing joint damage and any diseases that may affect the joint. Bronchoscopy-In bronchoscopy, a healthcare professional uses a bronchoscope to visualize the airways. The procedure allows the doctor to examine all parts of the airway, including the throat, throat, and trachea. Bronchoscopy is divided into flexible and rigid bronchoscopy. Although a flexible tube is used for flexible bronchoscopy and a straight tube and hollow metal tube are used for rigid bronchoscopy, general anesthesia is required compared to flexible bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy is used to detect any problems with the airway system, thereby solving the problem. Endoscopic Biopsy-Using this procedure, a doctor inserts an endoscope through a body opening or tiny incision to reach the area of interest. By using biopsy forceps, a doctor / surgeon can obtain a tissue sample from a body area for analysis. Laparoscopy-This is the process of inserting an endoscope into the body through a tiny incision to visualize various abdominal organs and perform surgery when needed.